Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have become highly efficient in conducting
various operations in maritime environments. Compared to terrestrial wireless sensor …

The Internet of Things grew rapidly, and many services, applications, sensor‐embedded
electronic devices, and related protocols were created and are still being developed. The …

Owing to a number of issues, routing in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) has
become a difficult task. First, the distance between nodes in the UASN varies due to their …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to collect and monitor the data from various
environments, such as temperature, pressure, humidity and speed. After that, the collected …

The coverage rate is the most crucial index in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) design; it
involves making the sensors with a reasonable distribution, which closely relates to the …

Internet of Things (IoT) is an important technique in the modern wireless telecommunications
field. It is based on a collection of sensor nodes connected through wireless sensor …

Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) use acoustic waves for communications, which
consume excessive energy. Conversely, the nodes in UANs have scarce energy resources …

The reliability of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is measured in terms of
energy consumption (EC), end-to-end delay (E2E), and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), constrained by limited resources, demand routing
strategies that prioritize energy efficiency. The tactic of cooperative routing, which leverages …

Many sensor notes are disseminated over the network in a topographical region. The
sensors existed in the environment are clustered together, that enhance the lifetime and …