The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered
in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating …

TH 2 cells and innate lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2) can stimulate tumor growth by secreting pro-
tumorigenic cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13. However, the …

Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, is an alarmin cytokine with
crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and repair, type 2 immunity, allergic and non-allergic …

At the frontline of the host defence response, neutrophil antimicrobial functions have
adapted to combat infections and injuries of different origins and magnitude. The release of …

There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular
mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and …

Background The IL-33/ST2 pathway is linked with asthma susceptibility. Inhaled allergens,
pollutants, and respiratory viruses, which trigger asthma exacerbations, induce release of IL …

Clinical treatment of malignant glioma remains a major challenge due to high infiltrative
growth and chemotherapeutic resistance of tumors and the presence of the blood brain …

Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-
dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill …

Forty years after its naming, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is experiencing a renaissance brought on by
the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in the clinic. Recent …