The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

An exciting area in behavioural ecology focuses on understanding why animals exhibit
consistent among-individual differences in behaviour (animal personalities). Animal …

Growing interest in proximate and ultimate causes and consequences of between‐and
within‐individual variation in labile components of the phenotype–such as behaviour or …

The discovery that an individual may be constrained, and even behave sub‐optimally,
because of its personality type has fundamental implications for understanding individual‐to …

Interest in individual differences in animal behavioural plasticities has surged in recent
years, but research in this area has been hampered by semantic confusion as different …

Cognition is defined as the processes by which animals collect, retain and use information
from their environment to guide their behaviour. Thus cognition is essential in a wide range …

The pace-of-life syndrome (ie, POLS) hypothesis posits that behavioral and physiological
traits mediate the trade-off between current and future reproduction. This hypothesis predicts …

Animal 'personality', defined as repeatable inter-individual differences in behaviour, is a
concept in biology that faces intense controversy. Critics argue that the field is riddled with …

There is increasing evidence that animal groups can maintain coordinated behaviour and
make collective decisions based on simple interaction rules. Effective collective action may …

Highlights•Spatial examination and number of pecks reliably predicted exploration in
OFT.•Individual exploration performances were correlated in line with fast-slow …