Congenital infection is a well-described cause of stillbirths, as well as perinatal morbidity.
TORCH infections classically comprise toxoplasmosis, Treponema pallidum, rubella …

Etiology, transmission and protection: Transmission of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS,
occurs predominantly through bodily fluids. Factors that significantly alter the risk of HIV …

Viral infections during pregnancy lead to a spectrum of maternal and fetal outcomes, ranging
from asymptomatic disease to more critical conditions presenting with severe maternal …

Human milk (HM) is considered the best source of nutrition for infant growth and health. This
nourishment is unique and changes constantly during lactation to adapt to the physiological …

When addressing the compatibility of breastfeeding with certain maternal conditions, we
need to differentiate between “contraindication” and “obstacle.” Failure to distinguish …

Background In China, recent rises in syphilis and HIV cases have increased the focus on
preventing mother-to-child transmission of these infections. We assess the health and …

Efforts to prevent the mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection have
encountered remarkable successes and considerable challenges around the globe. The …

The global epidemiology of HIV/AIDS is rapidly evolving in low and middle income
countries. Women and adolescent females in Sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of HIV …

In low and middle-income countries (LMIC), transmission of HIV during breastfeeding
represents a major public health challenge. Several viral, maternal clinical, immunological …

Background: Mastitis and abscess in HIV-infected women increase the risk of breastfeeding
transmission of HIV. Guidelines encourage women to stop breastfeeding on the affected …