Bacteria surround their cell membrane with a net-like peptidoglycan layer, called sacculus,
to protect the cell from bursting and maintain its cell shape. Sacculus growth during …

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
are ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide by the World Health …

The peptidoglycan cell wall is essential for the survival and morphogenesis of bacteria. For
decades, it was thought that only class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and related …

The Rickettsiales are a group of obligate intracellular vector-borne Gram-negative bacteria
that include many organisms of clinical and agricultural importance, including Anaplasma …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
remains one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. There is an urgent …

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are exponentially increasing, posing
one of the most urgent global healthcare and economic threats. Due to the lack of new …

Owing to the unique biological functions, bacteria as biological materials have been widely
used in biomedical field. With advances in biotechnology and nanotechnology, various …

The shape, elongation, division and sporulation (SEDS) proteins are a highly conserved
family of transmembrane glycosyltransferases that work in concert with class B penicillin …

Wolbachia is one of the most abundant endosymbionts on earth, with a wide distribution
especially in arthropods. Effective maternal transmission and the induction of various …

The shape, elongation, division and sporulation (SEDS) proteins are a large family of
ubiquitous and essential transmembrane enzymes with critical roles in bacterial cell wall …