Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

The fungal infections are relatively common in humans that can range from common, mild
superficial infections to life-threatening invasive infections. Most of the pathogenic fungi are …

Individuals suffering from severe viral respiratory tract infections have recently emerged as
“at risk” groups for developing invasive fungal infections. Influenza virus is one of the most …

Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental filamentous fungus that can cause life-threatening
disease in immunocompromised individuals. The interactions between A. fumigatus and the …

Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible
number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident …

This review discusses important advances in fungal diagnostics and in the antifungal
armamentarium as applied to aspergillus species. Recent insights concerning host defenses …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme with
immune-regulating activities in many contexts, such as fetal protection, allograft protection …

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by rapid alveolar injury, inflammation, cytokine
induction, and neutrophil accumulation. Although early events in the pathogenesis of ALI …

IDO1 (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem
dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino …

Surviving a given infection requires the generation of a controlled immune response. Failure
to establish or restore homeostatic conditions during or following the onset of an infection …