The human body is inhabited by a diverse microbial community that is collectively coined as
commensal microbiota. Recent research has greatly advanced our understanding of how …

The importance of the gut microbiome in central nervous system (CNS) diseases has long
been recognized; however, research into this connection is limited, in part, owing to a lack of …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogenous, inflammatory disease of the central
nervous system. Microbiota alterations in MS versus healthy controls (HC) are observed, but …

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue is a primary activation site for immune responses to
infection and immunomodulation. Experimental evidence using animal disease models …

Despite the existing association of gut dysbiosis and T cell inflammation in heart failure (HF),
whether and how gut microbes contribute to T cell immune responses, cardiac fibrosis and …

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a naturally occurring, enteric pathogen of
mice is a Cardiovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Low neurovirulent TMEV strains such as …

The importance of interactions between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract has been
increasingly recognized in recent years. It has been proposed that dysregulation and …

The intestinal microbiota is thought to be an important biological barrier against enteric
pathogens. Its depletion, however, also has curative effects against some viral infections …

As the main pathogen threatening human and animal health, viruses can affect the immunity
and metabolism of bodies. There are innate microbial barriers in the digestive tract of the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes long-lasting, multifocal damage to the central nervous
system. The complex background of MS is associated with autoimmune inflammation and …