Opioids mediate their effects via opioid receptors: mu, delta, and kappa. At the neuronal
level, opioid receptors are generally inhibitory, presynaptically reducing neurotransmitter …

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the" reward pathway." Embedded
within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that …

The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning
and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these …

This Perspective will examine the organization of intrastriatal circuitry, review recent findings
in this area, and discuss how the pattern of connectivity between striatal neurons might give …

Our original review,“Heterogeneity and Diversity of Striatal GABAergic Interneurons,” to
which this is an invited update, was published in December, 2010 in Frontiers is …

Cellular mechanisms that regulate the interplay of synaptic excitation and inhibition are
thought to be central to the functional stability of healthy neuronal circuits. A growing body of …

Fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) are a prominent class of forebrain GABAergic cells
implicated in two seemingly independent network functions: gain control and network …

Highlights•Homeostatic plasticity plays an important role in mitigating striatal
pathophysiology in the early stages of PD.•Aberrant dopamine-dependent synaptic plasticity …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that typically
manifests in midlife with motor, cognitive, and/or psychiatric symptoms. The disease is …

Striatal activity is dynamically modulated by acetylcholine and dopamine, both of which are
essential for basal ganglia function. Synchronized pauses in the activity of striatal …