The IL-1 family of cytokines currently comprises of seven ligands with pro-inflammatory
activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) as well as two ligands with anti …

More than a decade has passed since the conceptualization of the “alarmin” hypothesis. The
alarmin family has been expanding in terms of both number and the concept. It has recently …

A wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can
be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and …

To date, no immunotherapy approaches have managed to fully overcome T-cell exhaustion,
which remains a mandatory fate for chronically activated effector cells and a major …

Lungs are one of the main sites of breast cancer metastasis. The metastatic
microenvironment is essential to facilitate growth of disseminated tumor cells. Cancer …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) jointly promote tumor
immune tolerance and tumorigenesis. The molecular apparatus that drives Treg cell and …

Despite being an integral part of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment
(TME), few studies have mechanistically elucidated eosinophil functions in cancer …

The alarmin IL-33 is an IL-1 family member that stimulates pleiotropic immune reactions
depending on the target tissue and microenvironmental factors. In this study, we have …

The IL-1 family of cytokines consists of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ.
These proteins form four signaling receptor complexes: the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1 and IL …

In the case of cancer immunotherapy, nanostructures are attractive because they can carry
all of the necessary components of a vaccine, including both antigen and adjuvant. Herein …