Cell-free systems offer a promising approach to engineer biology since their open nature
allows for well-controlled and characterized reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss …

Cell-free systems that mimic essential cell functions, such as gene expression, have
dramatically expanded in recent years, both in terms of applications and widespread …

Self-regeneration is a fundamental function of all living systems. Here we demonstrate
partial molecular self-regeneration in a synthetic cell. By implementing a minimal …

The de novo construction of a living organism is a compelling vision. Despite the astonishing
technologies developed to modify living cells, building a functioning cell “from scratch” has …

Engineering the process of molecular translation, or protein biosynthesis, has emerged as a
major opportunity in synthetic and chemical biology to generate novel biological insights …

Abstract The Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements (PURE) system enables
transcription and translation of a DNA template from purified components. Therefore, the …

DNA-guided cell-free protein synthesis using a minimal set of purified components has
emerged as a versatile platform in constructive biology. The E. coli-based PURE (protein …

The tolerance of the translation apparatus toward noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) has
enabled the creation of diverse natural-product-like peptide libraries using mRNA display for …

Living systems are studied using three complementary approaches: living cells, cell‐free
systems and computer‐mediated modelling. Progresses in understanding, allowing …

Is it possible to build life? More specifically, is it possible to create a living synthetic cell from
inanimate building blocks? This question precipitated into one of the most significant grand …