This paper reviews the move from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented
reality exposure-based therapy (ARET). Unlike virtual reality (VR), which entails a complete …

In this article, we provide the nontechnical reader with a fundamental understanding of the
components of virtual reality (VR) and a thorough discussion of the role VR has played in …

While the use of virtual characters in medical education is becoming more and more
commonplace, an understanding of the role they can play in empathetic communication …

BACKGROUND: Significant information exchange occurs between a doctor and patient
through nonverbal communication such as gestures, body position, and eye gaze. In …

Surgery is characterized by complex tasks performed in stressful environments. To enhance
patient safety and reduce errors, surgeons must be trained in environments that mimic the …

This paper provides key insights into the construction and evaluation of interpersonal
simulators-systems that enable interpersonal interaction with virtual humans. Using an …

Any new tool introduced for education needs to be validated. We developed a virtual human
experience called the Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination (VOSCE). In the …

Virtual humans offer an exciting and powerful potential for rich interactive experiences. Fully
embodied virtual humans are growing in capability, ease, and utility. As a result, they …

Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an
important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of …

Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) are systems comprised of digital devices that simulate
multiple layers of sensory information so that users experience sight, sound, and even touch …