Outside laboratory conditions and human-made structures, animals rarely encounter flat
surfaces. Instead, natural substrates are uneven surfaces with height variation that ranges …

Many insects use soft adhesive footpads for climbing. The surface contact of these organs is
mediated by small volumes of a liquid secretion, which forms thin films in the contact zone …

In its evolution, the diverse group of stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) has undergone a
rapid radiation. These insects evolved specialized structures to adhere to different surfaces …

Simple Summary Invertebrate welfare is gaining attention, especially with the rise of insect
farming for sustainable food production. Traditional individual welfare monitoring is …

Disaster robotics is a growing field that is concerned with the design and development of
robots for disaster response and disaster recovery. These robots assist first responders by …

This study investigated the function of the beetle's claw for its smooth and slipless walking
and designed an artificial claw open–close cycle mechanism to mimic the beetle's walking …

Jumping is a common form of locomotion for many arboreal animals. Many species of the
arboreal lizard genus Anolis occupy habitats in which they must jump to and from unsteady …

Skin provides functions such as protection and prevention of water loss. In some taxa, the
outer surface of skin has been modified to form structures that enable attachment to various …

Sensory feedback from sense organs during animal locomotion can be heavily influenced
by an organism's mechanical structure. In insects, the interplay between sensing and …

A strong modification of tarsal and pretarsal attachment pads during the postembryonic
development is described for the first time. In the exceptionally large thorny devil stick insect …