During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a small cyclic peptide expressed in all mammals,
mainly in the hypothalamus. MCH acts as a robust integrator of several physiological …

Microglia are critical in brain development and Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. Down
syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic developmental disorder and risk factor for AD …

Down syndrome (DS) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, and cognitive defects in
DS patients may arise from imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission …

The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a subcortical brain region that exerts control over
motivated behavior, feeding, and energy balance across species. Recent single-cell …

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are distributed restrictively in the hypothalamus, a brain region
known to orchestrate diverse functions including sleep, reward processing, food intake …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates energy homeostasis via activation of the GLP-1
receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the central nervous system. However, the mechanism by which the …

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region that
is involved in the regulation of many behavioral and physiological processes including …

Palatable food can be seductive and hedonic eating can become irresistible beyond hunger
and negative consequences. This is witnessed by the subtle equilibrium between eating to …

The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates feeding-and reward-related behavior, but
because of its molecular and anatomical heterogeneity, the functions of defined neuronal …