What are the long‐term effects of universal preschool programs on child outcomes? We
review 26 studies using natural experiments to estimate the effects of universal preschool …

Most evidence on the effects of policies to promote child development refers to pilot
programs implemented under tightly-controlled circumstances. We provide novel evidence …

This study examines whether a large expansion of pre-primary education in Ethiopia
affected subsequent students' learning outcomes during the national reform of pre-primary …

Development in early childhood predicts schooling and labor market outcomes in adulthood.
Many young children are in some form of nonparental childcare, but the quality of this care …

International development agencies and country governments have called for greater
resources to be devoted to education. While previous studies highlight the value of investing …

We provide evidence on the link between enrollment in public preschool and child
vocabulary, a critical precursor to early literacy. We measure early childhood development …

We evaluate two experiments of early childhood development (ECD) programs in the
Gambia, one increasing access to services and another improving service quality. In the first …

This paper evaluates a public childcare program for children ages 0–4 in poor urban areas
in Nicaragua. Our identification strategy exploits the program's neighborhood-level …

Rural transformation is critical for supporting inclusive economic development. This study
assessed the effect of infrastructure and education on the process of rural transformation in …

This paper investigates how preschool attendance is shaped by individual and community
factors for 71,806 children from 14,303 communities in 21 low-to middle-income countries …