Sleep and wakefulness are regulated to occur at appropriate times that are in accordance
with our internal and external environments. Avoiding danger and finding food, which are life …

Recent studies have implicated the orexin system as a critical regulator of sleep/wake states
as well as feeding behavior and reward processes. Orexin deficiency results in narcolepsy …

Neurons containing the neuropeptide orexin (hypocretin) are located exclusively in the
lateral hypothalamus and send axons to numerous regions throughout the central nervous …

Orexins (hypocretins) are a pair of neuropeptides implicated in energy homeostasis and
arousal. Recent reports suggest that loss of orexin-containing neurons occurs in human …

Orexin deficiency results in narcolepsy in humans, dogs, and rodents, suggesting that the
orexin system is particularly important for maintenance of wakefulness. However, orexin …

Avoiding danger and finding food, which are life-sustaining activities that are regulated by
emotion, reward and energy balance, require proper wakefulness. The orexin system …

Orexin A and orexin B were initially identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G
protein-coupled receptors [104]. They were initially recognized as regulators of feeding …

The neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B, produced in hypothalamic neurons, are critical
regulators of sleep/wake states. Deficiency of orexin signaling results in narcoleptic …

Orexin A and orexin B are hypothalamic neuropeptides initially identified as endogenous
ligands for two orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). They play critical roles in the …

▪ Abstract Human narcolepsy is a genetically complex disorder. Family studies indicate a 20–
40 times increased risk of narcolepsy in first-degree relatives and twin studies suggest that …