All forms of energy follow the law of conservation of energy, by which they can be neither
created nor destroyed. Light-to-heat conversion as a traditional yet constantly evolving …

Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them
a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union of these fields has brought …

Direct ink writing of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) offers a new opportunity to program
geometries for a wide variety of shape transformation modes toward applications such as …

Nature is a constant source of inspiration for materials scientists, fueling the dream of
mimicking life-like motion and tasks in untethered, man-made devices. Liquid crystalline …

Many creatures have the ability to traverse challenging environments by using their active
muscles with anisotropic structures as the motors in a highly coordinated fashion. However …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have attracted tremendous interest as actuators for soft
robotics due to their mechanical and shape memory properties. However, LCE actuators …

The development of stimuli‐responsive soft actuators, a task largely undertaken by material
scientists, has become a major driving force in pushing the frontiers of microrobotics …

Soft robotics is an emerging field of robotics that focuses on the design of soft machines and
devices with effective human-machine interaction, high conformity, and environmental …

Miniature soft robots are mobile devices, which are made of smart materials that can be
actuated by external stimuli to realize their desired functionalities. Here, the key …

Mobile organisms with ability for locomotion and transportation, such as humans and other
animals, utilize orchestrated actuation to perform actions. Mimicking these functionalities in …