The major components of RNA silencing include both transitive and systemic small RNAs,
which are technically called secondary sRNAs. Double-stranded RNAs trigger systemic …

Efficient plant immune responses depend on the ability to recognise an invading microbe.
The 22-amino acids in the N-terminal domain and the 28-amino acids in the central region of …

Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) constitute a large family in most plant species, but
relatively few of them have been implicated in immunity. To identify and characterize PP2C …

Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors constitute a superfamily in eukaryotes,
but their roles in plant immunity remain largely uncharacterized. We found that the transcript …

Plant genomes, through their evolutionary journey, have developed a complex composition
that includes not only protein-coding sequences but also a significant amount of non-coding …

Glycoside hydrolases are of paramount importance in metabolic processes involving diverse
carbohydrate-based substances found inside plant tissues. The potato crop exemplifies a …

Plants rely on innate immune systems to defend against a wide variety of biotic attackers.
Key components of innate immunity include cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors …

Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogens inject effectors into their hosts to hijack and
manipulate metabolism, eluding surveillance at the battle frontier on the cell surface. The …

Agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used to transiently express heterologous
proteins in plants. However, the state of Agrobacterium itself is not well studied in …

disease resistance assay in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals the immune function of
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