This review examines the potential of hydrogen, ammonia, and biodiesel as alternative
fuels, focusing on spray dynamics, droplet evaporation, combustion, and emissions …

Ammonia is an alternative carbon-free fuel that can be easily stored in a liquid phase, unlike
hydrogen, and then directly utilized in diesel engines. Hence, a single-cylinder diesel …

Ammonia is regarded as one of the carbon-free alternative fuels for energy systems. The
direct utilization of liquid ammonia in gas turbines can reduce the complexity and start-up …

Liquid ammonia is an ideal zero-carbon fuel for internal combustion engines. High-pressure
injection is a key technology in organizing ammonia combustion. Characteristics of high …

As climate change intensifies, the global push for de-carbonization highlights the urgent
need for carbon-free fuels. Ammonia (NH 3), with zero carbon emissions and a notable …

Ammonia is regarded as a promising alternative fuel in internal combustion engine for its
potential to reduce carbon emissions. Injection process of liquid ammonia will affect air-fuel …

This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to study the phase change behavior of
liquid ammonia within a hydrogen-rich environment under varying ambient pressure …

Droplet clustering in sprays refers to the dynamic evolution of highly concentrated regions
due to the preferential accumulation of the polydisperse droplets in the turbulent airflow …

Ammonia is a suitable carbon‐free alternative fuel for power equipment. Direct combustion
of liquid ammonia has the potential to reduce system costs and heat loss of gas turbine (GT) …

Ammonia is one of the most promising alternative fuels owing to its nature of zero-carbon
emission. However, the weak ignition characteristic of ammonia imposes a great hindrance …