Armadillo (ARM)-repeat proteins form a large family with diverse and fundamental functions
in many eukaryotes. ARM-repeat proteins have largely been characterised in multicellular …

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is an integral part of diverse cellular functions, and of the
three enzymes involved in linking ubiquitin to protein targets, the E3 ubiquitin ligases are of …

Plants largely rely on plasma membrane (PM)-resident receptor-like kinases (RLKs) to
sense extracellular and intracellular stimuli and coordinate cell differentiation, growth, and …

Abstract The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encompasses multiple receptor
kinase families with highly variable extracellular domains. Despite their large numbers, the …

U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome machinery
and in abiotic stress responses. TaPUB1‐overexpressing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were …

Plants use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen‐associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) and activate pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Precise regulation of …

Plants uniquely contain large numbers of protein kinases, and for the vast majority of the
1,429 kinases predicted in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome, little is known of their functions …

Regulating the intensity and duration of immune responses is crucial to combat infections
without deleterious side effects. Arabidopsis FLS2, the receptor for bacterial flagellin …

Self-pollen rejection is an important reproductive regulator in flowering plants, and several
different intercellular signaling systems have evolved to elicit this response. In the …

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits are
conserved signal transduction molecules in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis …