Flexibility in the exchange of genetic material takes place between different organisms of the
same or different species. This phenomenon is known to play a key role in the genetic …

For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

Settled on the foundations laid by zoologists and embryologists more than a century ago, the
study of symbiosis between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is an expanding field. In this review …

Cooperative interactions among species, termed mutualisms, have played a crucial role in
the evolution of life on Earth. However, despite key potential benefits to partners, there are …

Many insects depend on obligate mutualistic bacteria to provide essential nutrients lacking
from their diet. Most aphids, whose diet consists of phloem, rely on the bacterial …

We here present annotated lists of names of Candidatus taxa of prokaryotes with ranks
between subspecies and class, proposed between the mid-1990s, when the provisional …

Plant sap-feeding insects are widespread, having evolved to occupy diverse environmental
niches despite exclusive feeding on an impoverished diet lacking in essential amino acids …

Six-state amino acid recoding strategies are commonly applied to combat the effects of
compositional heterogeneity and substitution saturation in phylogenetic analyses. While …

Aphids are a large family of phloem-sap feeders. They typically rely on a single bacterial
endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, to supply them with essential nutrients lacking in their …

The evolutionary success of sap-feeding hemipteran insects in the suborder
Auchenorrhyncha was enabled by nutritional contributions from their heritable …