Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), also known as autoimmune diabetes, is a chronic disease
characterized by insulin deficiency due to pancreatic β-cell loss and leads to …

Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed at the end of a prodrome of β-cell autoimmunity. The disease
is most likely triggered at an early age by autoantibodies primarily directed against insulin or …

This chapter serves as an update and replaces the 2018 ISPAD consensus guideline on
definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. 1 It …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from immune‐mediated loss of pancreatic beta cells leading
to insulin deficiency. It is the most common form of diabetes in children, and its incidence is …

Underlying type 1 diabetes is a genetic aetiology dominated by the influence of specific HLA
haplotypes involving primarily the class II DR-DQ region. In genetically predisposed children …

The pathogenesis of hyperglycemia observed in most forms of diabetes is intimately tied to
the islet β cell. Impairments in propeptide processing and secretory function, along with the …

Preferential fat accumulation in visceral vs. subcutaneous depots makes obese individuals
more prone to metabolic complications. Body fat distribution (FD) is regulated by genetics …

Type 1 diabetes is the most common autoimmune disorder in childhood, characterized by
the development of autoimmunity through unknown environmental insults in genetically …

More than 50 years have elapsed since the association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)
with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was first reported. Since then, methods for identification of HLA …

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is one of the most crucial host factors
influencing disease progression in bacterial and viral infections. This review provides the …