Natural bone constitutes a complex and organized structure of organic and inorganic
components with limited ability to regenerate and restore injured tissues, especially in large …

Biodegradable poly (lactic acid)(PLA) presents suitable physicochemical properties and
biocompatibility for biomedical engineering. However, PLA has some drawbacks, such as …

Bone defect caused by trauma, tumor, infection, and other reasons is a thorny problem that
needs to be solved in orthopedic clinic. Customized bone repair biomaterials and their …

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the predominant material used for organ-on-a-chip devices
and microphysiological systems (MPSs) due to its ease-of-use, elasticity, optical …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is becoming a promising method for
fabricating highly complex ceramics owing to the arbitrary design and the infinite …

Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of customized bone scaffolds in terms of
shape, pore size, material type, and mechanical properties. Combined with the possibility to …

Ideal bone scaffolds require good biocompatibility and moderate mechanical properties, so
as to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells, and achieve the good …

Bone tissue engineering utilizes three critical elements–cells, scaffolds, and bioactive factors–
to recapitulate the bone tissue microenvironment, inducing the formation of new bone …

In most cases, bone injuries heal without complications, however, there is an increasing
number of instances where bone healing needs major clinical intervention. Available …

Treating bone defects is highly challenging because they do not heal on their own inside the
patients, so implants are needed to assist in the reconstruction of the bone. Bioceramic …