Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral
organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of …

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

In Parkinson disease (PD), pathological processes and neurodegeneration begin long
before the cardinal motor symptoms develop and enable clinical diagnosis. In this prodromal …

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been suggested to play an important role in Parkinson's
disease (PD). Here we performed a cross-sectional study to profile gut microbiota across …

Growing evidence suggests an increasing significance for the extent of gastrointestinal tract
(GIT) dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most patients suffer from GIT symptoms …

The study of the intestinal or gut microbiome is a newer field that is rapidly gaining attention.
Bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the host can impact numerous …

This article describes research criteria and probability methodology for the diagnosis of
prodromal PD. Prodromal disease refers to the stage wherein early symptoms or signs of PD …

Abstract Introduction We showed that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have alpha‐
synuclein (α‐Syn) aggregation in their colon with evidence of colonic inflammation. If PD …

In the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), the enteric nervous system (ENS) and
parasympathetic nerves are amongst the structures earliest and most frequently affected by …

The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central
nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of …