Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of
intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

The activation of stress-related neuroendocrine systems helps to maintain homeostasis, but
excessive stress can damage body functions. We review current evidence from basic …

Athletes are continually seeking new technologies and therapies to gain a competitive edge
to maximize their health and performance. Athletes have gravitated toward the use of …

Stress and anxiety have intertwined behavioral and neural underpinnings. These
commonalities are critical for understanding each state, as well as their mutual interactions …

Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research,
based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past …

Early life stressors display a high universal prevalence and constitute a major public health
problem. Prolonged psychoneurobiological alterations as sequelae of early life stress (ELS) …

Within the last two decades, many studies have addressed the clinical phenomenon of
Internet-use disorders, with a particular focus on Internet-gaming disorder. Based on …

The term 'stress'–coined in 1936–has many definitions, but until now has lacked a
theoretical foundation. Here we present an information-theoretic approach–based on the …

Energy is required to sustain life and enable stress adaptation. At the cellular level, energy is
largely derived from mitochondria–unique multifunctional organelles with their own genome …