Inositol phospholipids represent a minor fraction of membrane phospholipids; yet they play
important regulatory functions in signaling pathways and membrane traffic. The …

▪ Abstract α-Latrotoxin, a potent neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, triggers synaptic
vesicle exocytosis from presynaptic nerve terminals. α-Latrotoxin is a large protein toxin (120 …

An abundant presynaptic protein, α-synuclein, is centrally involved in the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease. However, conflicting data exist about the normal function of α …

Abstract Synaptotagmin-1 (syt), the putative Ca2+ sensor for exocytosis, is anchored to the
membrane of secretory organelles. Its cytoplasmic domain is composed of two Ca2+ …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns (4, 5) P2) has an important function
in cell regulation both as a precursor of second messenger molecules and by means of its …

Abstract Background: Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP 2) has been implicated in
the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. It stimulates de novo actin …

α-Latrotoxin, a potent excitatory neurotoxin, binds to two receptors: a G-protein-coupled
receptor calledCIRL/latrophilin 1 (CL1) and a cell-surface protein called neurexin Iα. We …

Regulated exocytosis forms the basis for many intercellular signaling processes, for
example, in hormone secretion or neurotransmitter release. During regulated exocytosis, the …

Kinetically distinct steps can be distinguished in the secretory response from
neuroendocrine cells with slow ATP-dependent priming steps preceding the triggering of …

The Ca2+-binding synaptic-vesicle protein synaptotagmin I has attracted considerable
interest as a potential Ca2+ sensor that regulates exocytosis from neurons and …