Aim Treelines occur globally within a narrow range of mean growing season temperatures,
suggesting that low‐temperature growth limitation determines the position of the treeline …

Climate warming is expected to induce treelines to advance to higher elevations. Empirical
studies in diverse mountain ranges, however, give evidence of both advancing alpine …

Alpine ecosystems (alpine tundra) occur at a range of air density, water availability and
seasonality worldwide on the treeless high terrain of mountains. They vary along geographic …

Expanding high‐elevation and high‐latitude forest has contrasting climate feedbacks
through carbon sequestration (cooling) and reduced surface reflectance (warming), which …

Purpose Treelines and forest lines (TFLs) have received growing interest in recent decades,
due to their potential role as indicators of climate change. However, the understanding of …

During recent decades, forests have expanded into new areas throughout the whole of
Norway. The processes explained as causing the forest expansion have focused mainly on …

Mountain ecosystems are commonly regarded as being highly sensitive to global change.
Due to the system complexity and multifaceted interacting drivers, however, understanding …

Questions What was the main trigger of treeline ecotone advance–rising temperature or
agricultural land abandonment? Were the triggering factors of tree expansion homogeneous …

At the landscape scale, the response of alpine treelines to increasing temperatures often
varies due to second-order factors such as terrain properties, vegetation structure, and land …

Warming may lead to a cover increase of tundra shrubs and a north‐and upward shift of
treelines. The latter may be inhibited by a densification of shrub stands. However, the …