At present, ultrasound radiation is broadly employed in medicine for both diagnostic and
therapeutic purposes at various frequencies and intensities. In this review article, we focus …

Solvents play key roles in designing drug delivery systems (DDSs). They are used as the
reaction media in the preparation of DDSs and as vehicles for delivery of problematic drugs …

Human skin not only functions as a permeation barrier (mainly because of the stratum
corneum layer) but also provides a unique delivery pathway for therapeutic and other active …

The use of ultrasound for the delivery of drugs to, or through, the skin is commonly known as
sonophoresis or phonophoresis. The use of therapeutic and high frequencies of ultrasound …

Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery
methods of oral administration and injections. However, the stratum corneum serves as a …

Application of ultrasound enhances skin permeability to a variety of molecules
(sonophoresis). The enhancement induced by ultrasound is particularly significant at low …

Ultrasounds are often used in cancer treatment protocols, eg to collect tumor tissues in the
right location using ultrasound-guided biopsy, to image the region of the tumor using more …

Purpose. Application of therapeutic ultrasound (frequency: 1–3 MHz and intensity: 0–2 W/cm
2) enhances transdermal drug transport, although typically by a factor of less than 10. In this …

The use of skin as an alternative route for administering systemically active drugs has
attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, the skin provides an excellent …

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is limited by the outer layer of the skin, ie, the stratum
corneum. Research on TDD has become very active in the recent years and various …