This paper reviews a century of progress in techniques of bumblebee rearing, starting with
those used to encourage bumblebee queens to initiate a colony in artificial domiciles and …

▪ Abstract Bees are generally regarded as beneficial insects for their role in pollination, and
in the case of the honeybee Apis mellifera, for production of honey. As a result several bee …

Bumblebees are familiar and charismatic insects, occurring throughout much of the world.
They are increasingly being used as a model organism for studying a wide range of …

The analysis of ecological networks has gained a very prominent foothold in ecology over
the last years. While many publications try to elucidate patterns about the networks, others …

The Palaearctic B ombus ruderatus (in 1982/1983) and B ombus terrestris (1998) have both
been introduced into S outh A merica (C hile) for pollination purposes. We here report on the …

Though they are relatively understudied, non-native bees are ubiquitous and have
enormous potential economic and environmental impacts. These impacts may be positive or …

The worldwide trade in bumblebees can lead to the spread of diseases, which in turn has
been claimed as a factor in bumblebee decline. Populations of the introduced Bombus …

Bees naturally suffer from a broad range of parasites, including mites, protozoans, bacteria,
fungi and viruses. Some appear to be host-specific, but most appear able to infect multiple …

The alarming loss of pollinator diversity world‐wide can reduce the productivity of pollinator‐
dependent crops, which could have economic impacts. However, it is unclear to what extent …

The earliest deliberate introductions of bumblebees to areas outside of their native range
occurred over 100 years ago. Transportation of bumblebees accelerated in the late 1980s …