The growing concern over the dependency on fossil fuel has prompted the cost of energy
supply to the high extent. Widespread application of fossil fuel in transportation and …

Cyclic organic carbonates are among the most widely studied targets in the nonreductive
conversion of carbon dioxide using oxiranes as the common reaction partners. Apart from …

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products is a promising approach for
using CO2. However, the products are limited to reduced forms, such as CO, HCOOH and …

Treatments for and methods of disposing of municipal sewage sludge have a limited ability
to produce high-value products. The number of studies on using sludge for energy recovery …

Given the decreasing supply of fossil fuels and their environmental pollution, a major
challenge facing developing and developed countries today is replacing fossil fuels with …

This review appraises the latest scientific progress and the accomplishments of
interesterification technology as an alternative to conventional transesterification reaction …

Many countries are immersed in several strategies to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions of internal combustion engines. One option is the substitution of these engines by …

Rational use of marginal land for cultivation of bioenergy crops is an effective means to
solve land use competition and is an important way to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) …

Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) is a waste which collected from the kitchen and restaurant
wastes. This waste causes sewer blockage in many countries because of the rising of …

Acid/base catalysis plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of versatile chemicals, in which
acidic/basic molecules are widely employed as highly effective catalysts. However …