Recent nanotechnological advancements have enabled novel innovations in protective
polymer nanocomposites (PNC) coatings for anti-corrosion, anti-fouling and self-healing …

1. INTRODUCTION Any surface immersed in seawater is subjected to the settlement of
marine organisms (bacteria, algae, mollusks), known as fouling or biofouling. This unwanted …

Marine biofouling profoundly influences marine industries and activities. It slows the speed
and increases the fuel consumption of ships, corrodes offshore platforms, and blocks …

Abstract'Marine biofouling', the undesired growth of marine organisms such as
microorganisms, barnacles and seaweeds on submerged surfaces, is a global problem for …

The search for new antifouling (AF) coatings that are environmentally benign has led to
renewed interest in the ways that micro‐organisms colonize substrates in the marine …

The structural parts of marine architectures permanently submerged in sea-water (such as
underwater pipelines, oil well-heads, platforms, ship-hulls, barges, jetties and so on) are …

Any natural or artificial substratum exposed to seawater is quickly fouled by marine
microorganisms and later by macrofouling species. Microfouling organisms on the surface of …

Biofouling is a complex, dynamic problem that globally impacts both the economy and
environment. Interdisciplinary research in marine biology, polymer science, and engineering …

Antifouling coatings are crucial to protect marine facilities and aquacultures from the
damage of microorganisms for long-term serves. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate …

Objective Technological fields in which seawater is implied are numerorus, working in
seawater (shipping, oil industry, marine aquaculture,..), and exploiting seawater in plants …