We review the literature that investigates the relationship between foreign direct investment
(FDI) and the environment. After reviewing the theoretical literature, we discuss two broad …

The present study examines the long-run and short-run impacts of fossil fuels consumption,
foreign direct investment and economic growth on carbon emissions in fifteen developing …

First attempt has been made to find the effects of foreign direct investment on environmental
pollution and economic growth, in addition to finding the determinants of foreign direct …

This article surveys the literature on regulatory arbitrage in four settings: labor regulation,
environmental protection, corporate governance, and banking and finance. For a regulatory …

The pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) posits that production within polluting industries will
shift to locations with lax environmental regulation. While straightforward, the existing …

In this study, we re-examine the pollution haven hypothesis by a fresh take on both its
theoretical and empirical aspects. The originality of our work is twofold. First, we apply an …

In this paper, we present a simple theoretical extension from the Economic Geography
literature to characterize the main features of pollution havens (lax environmental regulation …

In response to climate change and environmental degradation, the European Union has
recently proposed a long-term strategy targeting a climate-neutral economy by 2050 …

Many fear that the mobility of corporate investment creates a “race to the bottom” in
international environmental regulations as firms invest in the countries with the weakest …

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected supply and demand to a large extent. Declining
demand for firms' output has caused significant financial stress for all kinds of firms …