The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has demonstrated several crucial properties for
the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we reviewed the main HCQ …

In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically
regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have …

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease that can present as an
isolated skin disease or as a manifestation within the spectrum of systemic lupus …

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease
encompassing a broad spectrum of subtypes including acute, subacute, chronic and …

Background Hydroxychloroquine is associated with myriad adverse dermatologic effects,
most of which are poorly characterized by the literature, with unknown frequencies and risk …

Fatigue is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon which is often neglected by clinicians.
The aim of this review was to analyze the impact, determinants and management of fatigue …

Objective To understand the epidemiology, current treatment, and disease burden of
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region. Methods A targeted …

Background Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), occurring with or without systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE), is a group of inflammatory skin diseases that can be very …

Chloroquine (CQ) and its hydroxylated analog, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are 4-
aminoquinoline initially used as an antimalarial treatment. CQ and HCQ (4-aminoquinoline …

Abstract Purpose of Review The review provides an update on the diagnosis, pathogenesis,
and treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Recent Findings Diagnostic …