Ecosystems are profoundly affected by the predator–prey relationship. During foraging, prey
animals balance food and safety demands, and adopt anti-predator behaviors to increase …

To reduce the chance of predation, many prey species adopt group defense mechanisms.
While it is commonly believed that such defense mechanisms lead to positive feedback on …

We report the dynamics of the asymmetrical quartic map, a one-dimensional discrete-time
system constructed adding one linear and one cubic term to the biquadratic form of the …

The honeybee has a significant impact on ecosystem stability, biodiversity conservation, and
pollinating crops. However, during the past few years, there has been a sharp reduction in …

The carrying capacity's functional dependence illustrates the reality that any species'
activities can enhance or diminish its carrying capacity. Migration is the need of many …

A beautiful feature of nature is its complexity. The chaos theory has proved useful in a variety
of fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In the present article, we …