Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix
which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it …

Bacterial biofilm‐related infectious diseases severely influence human health. Under typical
situations, pathogens can colonize inert or biological surfaces and form biofilms. Biofilms are …

Increased tolerance to toxic pollutants and enhanced degradation capabilities of the
bacterial biofilm is often attributed to the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) …

Smart biomaterials can sense and react to physiological or external environmental stimuli
(eg, mechanical, chemical, electrical, or magnetic signals). The last decades have seen …

Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human
health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens …

Chronic wounds caused by bacterial infections are a major challenge in medical fields. The
hypoxia condition extremely induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and …

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral
cavity. It is an integral part of the oral microbiome, which includes more than 500 types of …

Biofilm is the trigger for the majority of infections caused by the ability of microorganisms to
adhere to tissues and medical devices. Microbial cells embedded in the biofilm matrix are …

In tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging approach to producing
functioning tissue constructs to repair wounds and repair or replace sick tissue/organs. It …

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a low-cost, structurally reliable, and environmentally
friendly surface modification method for orthopedic and dental implants. This technique is …