In species where both sexes care for offspring, one parent—generally the female—typically
provides more care than the other. While current theory offers broad predictions on the …

Germ cells are essential to sexual reproduction. Across the animal kingdom, extracellular
signaling isoprenoids, such as retinoic acids (RAs) in vertebrates and juvenile hormones …

Multigenerational effects (often called maternal effects) are components of the offspring
phenotype that result from the parental phenotype and the parental environment as opposed …

Differential allocation is the adjustment of reproductive allocation, typically by a female, in
response to the quality of her male partner. A recent theoretical model suggests that …

Organisms exhibit suites of life history traits which enable them to respond to environmental
stimuli and increase fitness. However, the relationship between organism traits and the …