Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases.
These include obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty …

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the liver. Oxidative
stress triggered by reactive oxygen radicals is a common pathophysiological basis for the …

As a result of the development of experimental technologies and the accumulation of data,
biological and molecular processes can be described as complex networks of signaling …

Regulatory dependencies in molecular networks are the basis of dynamic behaviors
affecting the phenotypical landscape. With the advance of high throughput technologies, the …

T CD4+ cells are central to the adaptive immune response against pathogens. Their
activation is induced by the engagement of the T-cell receptor by antigens, and of co …

Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease mediated by
autoreactive T cells and dominated by Th1 response polarization. Insulin replacement …

Atherosclerosis (AS)-associated cardiovascular disease is an important cause of mortality in
an aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH). This elevated risk has been attributed …

T cells play a key role in a variety of immune responses, including infection and cancer.
Upon stimulation, naïve CD8+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into a variety of memory …

The accelerated development of antitumor immunotherapies in recent years has brought
immunomodulation into the spotlight. These include immunotherapeutic treatments with …

Upon antigen stimulation and co-stimulation, CD4+ T lymphocytes produce soluble factors
that promote the activity of other immune cells against pathogens or modified tissues; this …