Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from
anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)‐18 is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL‐1 family, first
identified for its interferon‐γ‐inducing properties. IL‐18 regulates both T helper (Th) 1 and …

Although interleukin-18 is structurally homologous to IL-1 and its receptor belongs to the IL-
1R/Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily, its function is quite different from that of IL-1. IL-18 is …

Salmonella species cause substantial morbidity, mortality and burden of disease globally.
Infections with Salmonella species cause multiple clinical syndromes. Central to the …

Salmonella enterica infections result in diverse clinical manifestations. Typhoid fever,
caused by S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. Paratyphi A, is a bacteremic illness but …

Abstract Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a recently described member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily,
is now recognized as an important regulator of innate and acquired immune responses. IL …

Persistent bacterial infections involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi (S. typhi) and Helicobacter pylori pose significant public-health problems …

Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) are Gram-negative bacteria that can invade a broad range
of hosts causing both acute and chronic infections. This phenotype is related to its ability to …

The human toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway is activated in response to
lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and subsequent signal transductions lead to the production of …

The myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) is critical for protection
against pathogens. However, we demonstrate here that MyD88 expression in B cells inhibits …