Abstract Calcium ion (Ca 2+) is a versatile signaling transducer in all eukaryotic organisms.
In plants, intracellular changes in free Ca 2+ levels act as regulators in many growth and …

In the past three decades, significant advances have been made in providing the
biochemical background of TOM (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane) …

Polycistronic gene expression, common in prokaryotes, was thought to be extremely rare in
eukaryotes. The development of long-read sequencing of full-length transcript isomers (Iso …

An increased concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ is an early response of plant cells to heat
shock. Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) mediates heat-induced …

Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are soluble cellular messengers that integrate
environmental cues to induce adaptive responses in eukaryotes. In plants, the biological …

Protein function is dependent on charge interactions and charge biased regions, which are
involved in a wide range of cellular and biochemical processes. We report the development …

In eukaryotes, mitochondrion is an essential organelle which is surrounded by a double
membrane system, including the outer membrane, intermembrane space and the inner …

Mitochondrial homeostasis heavily relies on import of numerous nuclear encoded proteins.
Multiple chaperone machineries operate at the cytosolic and mitochondrial side of the …

Mitochondria play critical roles not only in primary metabolism as a central organelle for ATP
generation, but also in responding to abiotic stresses. We identified a mutation in the …

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential ions to biological systems and serve various functions, eg
as structural element in proteins (Drucker et al. 1971) and tissues (Baker et al. 1946 …