It has been 50 years since Francis Fontan pioneered the operation that today bears his
name. Initially designed for patients with tricuspid atresia, this procedure is now offered for a …

Surgical innovation and multidisciplinary management have allowed children born with
univentricular physiology congenital heart disease to survive into adulthood. An estimated …

Bile acids activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein–coupled bile acid receptor‐1
(aka Takeda G protein–coupled receptor‐5 [TGR5]) to regulate bile acid metabolism and …

Life expectancy and quality of life for those born with congenital heart disease (CHD) have
greatly improved over the past 3 decades. While representing a great advance for these …

Aims Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are a consequence of a Fontan physiology, and determine
prognosis. It is unclear whether non-invasive assessment of liver pathology is helpful to …

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic liver congestion reflecting right‐sided heart failure
(RHF), Budd‐Chiari syndrome, or Fontan‐associated liver disease (FALD) is involved in …

Liver disease resulting from heart failure (HF) has generally been referred as “cardiac
hepatopathy”. One of its main forms is congestive hepatopathy (CH), which results from …

The Fontan operation has been the final palliation for patients born with congenital heart
defects with a functional single ventricle for more than 4 decades. The “normal” Fontan …

Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is a form of congestive hepatopathy that is universal
among patients who have undergone Fontan palliation for functional single ventricle …

Fontan-associated liver disease is a hepatic disorder arising from hemodynamic changes
and systemic venous congestion following Fontan surgery. The histological changes …