If we restrict the use of Homo sapiens in the fossil record to specimens which share a
significant number of derived features in the skeleton with extant H. sapiens, the origin of our …

The foundations of geometric morphometrics were worked out about 30 years ago and have
continually been refined and extended. What has remained as a central thrust and source of …

Modern humans have large and globular brains that distinguish them from their extinct
Homo relatives. The characteristic globularity develops during a prenatal and early postnatal …

Recent years have seen increased interest in phylogenetic comparative analyses of
multivariate data sets, but to date the varied proposed approaches have not been …

Although most studies on integration and modularity have focused on variation among
individuals within populations or species, this is not the only level of variation for which …

Inter-individual variation in facial shape is one of the most noticeable phenotypes in
humans, and it is clearly under genetic regulation; however, almost nothing is known about …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

Compared to our closest living and extinct relatives, humans have a large, specialized, and
complex brain embedded in a uniquely shaped braincase. Here, we quantitatively compare …

The virtual endocast of MH1 (Australopithecus sediba), obtained from high-quality
synchrotron scanning, reveals generally australopith-like convolutional patterns on the …

The globular braincase of modern humans is distinct from all fossil human species, including
our closest extinct relatives, the Neandertals. Such adult shape differences must ultimately …