Climate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to
characterize regional-scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated …

Most detection and attribution studies use climate models to determine both the expected
'fingerprint'of climate change and the uncertainty in the estimated magnitude of this …

Past research argues for an internal multidecadal (40-to 60-year) oscillation distinct from
climate noise. Recent studies have claimed that this so-termed Atlantic Multidecadal …

Abstract The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process
agreed in Paris to limit global surface temperature rise to “well below 2° C above pre …

The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including the central question of
how the climate system is likely to respond to human-induced perturbations, is …

The injection of sulfur into the stratosphere by explosive volcanic eruptions is the cause of
significant climate variability. Based on sulfate records from a suite of ice cores from …

The Earth's climate system is driven by a complex interplay of internal chaotic dynamics and
natural and anthropogenic external forcing. Recent instrumental data have shown a …

This report describes details of developing a volcano forcing reconstruction (Crowley et al.,
2008) for climate models that is based primarily on sulphate records in Antarctic and …

A long-standing task in climate research has been to distinguish between anthropogenic
climate change and natural climate variability. A prerequisite for fulfilling this task is the …

The climate of the past millennium was marked by substantial decadal and centennial scale
variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Low solar activity has been linked to cooling during …