Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings
in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the …

The importance of T helper type 1 (Th1) cell immunity in host resistance to the intracellular
bacterium Francisella tularensis is well established. However, the relative roles of interleukin …

In recent years, studies on the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis have greatly
intensified, generating a wealth of new information on the interaction of this organism with …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Toll-like
receptor 4 (TLR4), a signaling receptor for structurally diverse microbe-associated molecular …

Knowing the inherent stimulatory properties of the lipid moiety of bacterial lipoproteins, we
first hypothesized that Brucella abortus outer membrane protein (Omp) 16 lipoprotein would …

The mechanisms of how long-term alcohol use can lead to persistent pain pathology are
unclear. Understanding how earlier events of short-term alcohol use can lower the threshold …

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and is the causative agent of a
fatal human disease known as tularemia. F. tularensis is classified as a Category A Biothreat …

Part 2 of the review focuses on the potential of oxidative injury–induced damage-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs) to generate immunostimulatory dendritic cells (DCs) translating …

In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)
derived from Trichoderma pseudokoningii and investigated the molecular mechanism of …