Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies worldwide.
A large proportion of patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages and are only …

Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

One of the defining characteristics of a pre-metastatic niche, a fundamental requirement for
primary tumor metastasis, is infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages. How these …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple …

Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is
one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that …