HIV‐1 encodes for the small basic protein Tat (86–101 residues) that drastically enhances
the efficiency of viral transcription. The mechanism enabling Tat nuclear import is not yet …

Viruses successfully infect host cells by initially binding to the surfaces of the cells, followed
by an intricate entry process. As multifunctional heterodimeric cell-surface receptor …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat is a multifunctional protein that contributes
to several pathological symptoms of HIV-1 infection as well as playing a critical role in virus …

With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), a dramatic decrease in viral burden and
opportunistic infections and an increase in life expectancy has been observed in human …

The hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is primarily involved in embryonic gut development,
smooth muscle differentiation, cell proliferation, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue repair …

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated epithelial lesions is substantially
higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals than in HIV-uninfected …

Abstract The Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade belongs to the mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Raf/MEK/ERK signaling leads to stimulus-specific …

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a dsDNA virus, belonging to Poxviridae family. The outbreak of
monkeypox disease in humans is critical in European and Western countries, owing to its …

For many medically relevant viruses, there is now considerable evidence that both viral and
cellular kinases play important roles in viral infection. Ultimately, these kinases, and the …

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anogenital and oropharyngeal
cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is substantially higher …