Highlights•RNA can be modified by diverse internal and terminal modifications.•Bacteria and
bacteriophage RNA polymerases can install RNA modifications.•Bacterial enzymes remove …

In the last decade, powerful high-throughput sequencing approaches have emerged to
analyse microbial transcriptomes at a global scale. However, to date, applications of these …

The occurrence of NAD+ as a non-canonical RNA cap has been demonstrated in diverse
organisms. TIR domain-containing proteins present in all kingdoms of life act in defense …

RNA modifications immensely expand the diversity of the transcriptome, thereby influencing
the function, localization, and stability of RNA. One prominent example of an RNA …

Proteins of the alkylation B (AlkB) superfamily show RNA demethylase activity removing
methyl adducts from N 6‐methyladenosine (m6A). m6A is a reversible epigenetic mark of …

Adaptive antibiotic resistance is a transient metabolic adaptation of bacteria limiting their
sensitivity to low, progressively increased, concentrations of antibiotics. Unlike innate and …

Background Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can influence the genetic
susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the progression of the disease. Our …

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) can be equipped at the 5′ end with triphosphate (5′ PPP)
or monophosphate (5′ P) groups, depending on whether they are primary transcripts …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) serves as a cap-like structure on cellular RNAs
(NAD-RNAs) in all domains of life including the bacterium Escherichia coli. NAD also acts as …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are universal components of cells found in organisms from three
domains of life. An important function of tRNAs in the cell is their involvement in the accurate …