Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of preventable blindness, has been
considered a microcirculatory disease of the retina. However, there is emerging evidence to …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide.
Since DR was first recognized as an important complication of diabetes, there have been …

Abstract Purpose of Review Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common
complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia seen in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication associated with chronic exposure
to hyperglycemia and is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Although clinical …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), that is known for its role in the regulation of blood
pressure as well as in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, comprises dozens of angiotensin …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic
disorder characterized by elevation in blood glucose level. The pathogenesis of DR includes …

Purpose To review the evidence supporting diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) as a
form of diabetic retinopathy. Method Review of literature. Results DRN is recognized to be a …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been classically considered to be a microcirculatory disease
of the retina caused by the deleterious metabolic effects of hyperglycemia per se and the …

Ischaemic vascular disease in the retina may either leave retina permanently ischaemic with
slow degradation of vision, or alternatively lead to proliferative vascular disease, which can …