Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) encompasses both radiographic and non-radiographic
axSpA. It is a chronic inflammatory disease with a predilection for involving the axial …

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike
other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role …

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine composed of two subunits, IL-23A (p19)
and IL-12/23B (p40), the latter shared with Interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-23 is mainly produced …

Mechanical loading is an important factor in musculoskeletal health and disease. Tendons
and ligaments require physiological levels of mechanical loading to develop and maintain …

The cytokines IL-23 and IL-17 have an important role in the pathogenesis of, and as a
therapeutic target in, both animal models of chronic inflammation and some human chronic …

The inflammatory disorders collectively termed the seronegative spondyloarthropathies
(SpA) include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis, the …

Background The human enthesis conventional T cells are poorly characterised. Objectives
To study the biology of the conventional T cells in human enthesis. Methods CD4+ and …

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is inflammatory arthritis predominantly affecting the spine, which
is involved in the disorders of both immune and skeletal systems. The exact pathogenesis of …

Intermittent circadian fasting, namely Ramadan, is a common worldwide practice. Such
fasting has a positive impact on psoriasis, but no data exist on its role in psoriatic arthritis …

The term spondyloarthritis pertains to both axial and peripheral arthritis including ankylosing
spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which is strongly linked to psoriasis and also …