There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated
one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains …

BACKGROUND The mammalian immune system is a remarkable sensory system for the
detection and neutralization of pathogens. History is replete with the devastating effects of …

Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is characterized by formation of immune-rich granulomas in
infected tissues, the architecture and composition of which are thought to affect disease …

Background Identification of blood biomarkers that prospectively predict progression of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease might lead to interventions that …

Background Active pulmonary tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose and treatment response is
difficult to effectively monitor. A WHO consensus statement has called for new non-sputum …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of negatively
regulating gene expression to control many cellular mechanisms. The miRTarBase …

The adaptive immune response mediated by T cells is critical for control of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in humans. However, the M. tuberculosis antigens …

Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and, despite its
clinical significance, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of pathogenic and …

Immunomodulatory responses to the active form of vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,
25D) have been recognized for many years, but it is only in the last 5 years that the potential …

Our understanding of mechanisms underlying progression from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection to pulmonary tuberculosis disease in humans remains limited. To define such …