The gut microbiota has a symbiotic relationship with its host and can help many
physiological events. Dysbiosis, called imbalance of the gut microbial population, is …

Over the past several decades there has been increasing research interest in
thermodynamics as applied to biological systems. This concerns topics such as muscle work …

Background & aims Empirical analyses of the data available around the word concluded that
women have longer life span now, when compared to the men. Available literature …

Research on biothermodynamics dates back to the publication of the manuscript What Is
Life? by Schrödinger in the 1940s, which encouraged the use of the fundamental principles …

In living systems, entropy is generated as the result of the metabolic activity, most of it is
exported, while only a small fraction is accumulated. Accumulation reveals itself as structural …

Organisms uptake energy from their diet and maintain a highly organized structure by
importing energy and exporting entropy. A fraction of the generated entropy is accumulated …

Background Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, and it causes restrictions in the
respiratory system. Bioenergetics is known as energy management in a living cell …

Thermodynamic aspects of skeletal and cardiac muscle work performance are assessed
with the data obtained from the literature. Since the second law muscle work efficiency …

Thermodynamic analyses are performed to quantify allocation of the nutritional energy and
exergy to most of the life processes by pregnant mice. In these analyses,'internal work …

A precedent study about the effects of obesity on exergy behavior concluded that higher
body fat per se does not lead to higher mortality among obese people; the focus must be …