Roughly one quarter of all genes code for integral membrane proteins that are inserted into
the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of …

Biogenesis of mitochondria requires the import of approximately 1,000 different precursor
proteins into and across the mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria exhibit a wide variety …

In the mitochondrial outer membrane, α-helical transmembrane proteins play critical roles in
cytoplasmic-mitochondrial communication. Using genome-wide CRISPR screens, we …

Most eukaryotic multipass membrane proteins are inserted into the membrane of the
endoplasmic reticulum. Their transmembrane domains (TMDs) are thought to be inserted co …

Misfolded proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are discarded by a conserved process,
called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). ERAD substrates are retro-translocated …

Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the primary site of cellular oxygen
consumption and is essential for aerobic energy generation in the form of ATP. Human COX …

INTRODUCTION Protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is maintained by a
quality control system. When a newly synthesized ER protein misfolds, it is ultimately …

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane
to facilitate the cotranslational membrane insertion of the synthesized proteins. We report …

Glycerophospholipids are synthesized primarily in the cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) membrane and must be equilibrated between bilayer leaflets to allow the ER …

Many proteins are translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in
eukaryotes or the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. These proteins use hydrophobic signal …